good example - i think the confusion from us non-mathemathicians come from the definition we apply to 'chaos'. we are not thinking of the word chaos in the sense of systems but in terms of true randomness. To quote one of the links i posted above: "In physics, chaos is a word with a specialized meaning, one that differs from the everyday use of the word...." "Rather, chaos refers to the issue of whether or not it is possible to make accurate long-term predictions about the behavior of the system. " cheers! GDV