Number 1 sounds like this I found on Pixar's creation of 'A Bug's Life': "...the main characterseyes are a simple model; the pupil, iris, and cornea are created by a shader. "Light actually comes in, bends through the cornea, and we see it as it hits the inner iris. The iris has been painted by a painter, but the shader knows how to apply and deform it so as the eyes dilate, youll see that the iris actually pulls back."

"Democracy is a pathetic belief in the collective wisdom of individual ignorance." - H. L. Mencken