I don't think something like that is possible in 3D really. When you turn or even move only (and change the perspective therefore) the earth - including atmosphere etc, how does any filter know to change the transparencies appropriately? What i can imagine is a disk - 2D - with a transparency map you create in Photoshop for example. There you can do what you need to do and even make the edges fuzzy.

One day your ship comes in - but you're at the airport.