I think a good place to start is a link like this: Map Definitions And move on to this link: Map Projections There is no mapping of a sphere to a plane that will ever be without distortions of one type or another. The hardest part here, I guess, is getting a planar map projection that matches the UV layout of the sphere. The one pictured above for the Moon appears to be a Miller Cylindrical projection (as compared to a Mercator where the poles are stretched vertically).

C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot. C++ makes it harder, but when you do, you blow your whole leg off.

 -- Bjarne Stroustrup

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