Ajax thank you for that. I actually do understand vectors and calculus I need little refreshers now and then, but in general I get it. So your walk through is great. I'm guessing I just need more practice to be able to "read" it the way you did. I haven't ever really figured out about UV. When I look at a flattened out UV map, I'm guessing that one of those is equivalent to X and the other to Y, but since each of them will really be wrapped around in space "they" gave them different designations to avoid confusion? Again, I really appreciate the guidance. If you know of any further places where I can get into the math a bit it might really help me understand what is going on.