bagginsbill, I was going well with this tutorial until step #6 of this thread, where you scale the shadow cam down to 12% and then move it up to the subject's head. When I tried this with the y-tran value suggested, the subject completely disappeared off the radar - of course she was still there, but the shadow cam had gone off in a different direction I guess. I've got two theories about this : (1) the positioning of the light associated with the cam; or (2) the units of measurement that I was using e.g. maybe I am not using Poser Units ??? Also, looked in the trusty Poser Reference Guide for some further enlightenment about the Shadow Min Bias, and the only description is as follows : "The Shadow Min Bias parameter specifies how far to shift samples towards the light source to prevent self-shadowing of objects." What on earth does that mean ? .... are you able to put this in more plain English ? thanks, Andrew