The answer to your question is:  Yes.  Poser can read .mtl files and load textures.  It just needs to be able to 'find' those textures, within it's various search paths.  For most versions of Poser, this means preferably somewhere in the :Runtime:textures path.

The main drawback to using .3ds files is that that format only supports triangles and not quads or n-gons.  If you are starting with a .3ds file, then you might as well use that, but if you are exporting a mesh from some modelling app, you're better off using .obj format.

 

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