My gut feeling says "anything non-consensual".

But that is not enough. Some people engage in BDSM of their own free will, taking precautions and making sure no one goes too far. Not my cup of tea, but hey, it's their bedroom, not mine.

Physical damage? Bruises, cuts, burns?

And there's context. I have no way to find out if participants in a BDSM still do so of their free will, if the slapping/spanking/whatever is fake or full contact. I can only know when I know the full context, which is absent in still images. Videos are another matter, those bring their own context and are easier to judge, but what part is acting and what part is real? I would not know.

Guilty until proven innocent, or innocent until proven guilty? Or is there a middle ground?

I don't know.

The pen is mightier than the sword. But if you literally want to have some impact, use a typewriter

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