The middle row and top are Native Vue and really there was very little done to them. Just open Vue. add a sphere and start tweaking away. Tweak the Colormaps, the bump, the scale, add some reflection and transparency and 

Waa-Laa, there you have it. If you have not been to www.geekatplay.com I recommend you do so. Even if you do not understand now, keep watching because learning is receiving a truth Over and Over and Over!!!! You have at least started right by asking. There are some good folks in here that are very helpful 8^D

I would rather be Politically Incorrect,
Then have Politically Correct-Incorrectness!!!