kawecki, about your list...I, for one, will not gainsay one item on it because I am not educated enough to do so. You may be right, but I am not saying you ARE right. Now, I checked into a few websites about the invention of the transistor, and more than one partially substantiated what you said: that the inventor/engineers were fully knowlegable about QM and used it and needed it to invent the transistor. I have no facts to cite to the contrary at ths time.

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