Do you mean Depth Cue, in the Atmosphere node? This works simply by adding the depth cue colour to the diffuse colour of the surface being rendered, at a strength depending on its distance from the camera.

So I'm fairly sure the answer is no, it can't.

I have seen a prop smoke/fog product, but I can't remember where.

"If I were a shadow, I know I wouldn't like to be half of what I should be."
Mr Otsuka, the old black tomcat in Kafka on the Shore (Haruki Murakami)