First off your PC should have no problem with Poser 2012 fro the start, in fact I used Poser 2012 on a system with the same motherboard and processor for a couple of years, only changing quite recently.  Later on, if your scenes become more complex, you may want to expand the memory as the 64bit version will be able to take any amount of RAM you throw at it.  The graphics card is only used for previews it is the processor and amount of RAM that have impact on rendering.  I tend to work with stills so others can advise what might be required for annimation.

Your best starting point would be to read the manual and search the Internet for any tutorials there are out there.  Beware though that many are fairly long in the tooth and are for earlier versions of Poser and much has changed, particularly in Poser 9/2012.

Areas to concentrate on would I guess be Lighting and textures as there can have a major inpact on the final render.

Some of the other programs you list are to de with modelling, Poser is just that, it is a program for posing and setting up the scene.  If you want to model than you need to do it in another program.  That said it might be a good get to know Poser well first and understand what your particular needs are.  The learning curve can be high and trying to learn a number of programs at the same time can be frustrating. 

As for render engines, they can be very much a personal choice and depends on you are looking to achieve but I am sure people here will give you a number of suggestions to look at.

 

 

I use Poser 13 on Windows 11 - For Scene set up I use a Geekcom A5 -  Ryzen 9 5900HX, with 64 gig ram and 3 TB  storage, mini PC with final rendering done on normal sized desktop using an AMD Ryzen Threadipper 1950X CPU, Corsair Hydro H100i CPU cooler, 3XS EVGA GTX 1080i SC with 11g Ram, 4 X 16gig Corsair DDR4 Ram and a Corsair RM 100 PSU .   The desktop is in a remote location with rendering done via Queue Manager which gives me a clearer desktop and quieter computer room.