Your question led me to try this in Poser 11. I'm definitely no guru with Poser but, as EldritchCellar said, try Poser/display and Cartoon Settings. You can right-click on the figure and get the same Cartoon Settings dialogue box.

My settings are: One Tone Comic Book Geometric Edge Lines

I have the Ground invisible and Background Colour as White.

I also have document display mode (the interface window with all the preview spheres) to Cartoon w/Line

Finally I rendered in PREVIEW mode.

The figure is simply Kate2 Casual with Kate2 straight out of the box.

Also, a fantastic free program for achieving painterly effects is Fotosketcher - very easy to use and a lot of fun to play with.