IMO, if you are using the dirty water texture with a flat plane, then you won't need refraction. Thinking about it, turbidity will influence how much refraction will occur.

The raindrop puddle will benefit from plugging the height map to the displacement channel, not the bump channel, as illustrated. You might want actual influence on a subdivided mesh to see a difference. The same applies to the tidal pool, except you might require a second flat plane to simulate water above it. I would need to play with it to achieve something satisfactory.