Paul: Wrong, wrong, wrong. If a file format was a licensable entity, what's kept Apple, Microsoft, Adobe, Borland, JPEG, etc., from enforcing it? Exactly who are these .mp3 players paying licenses to, and why aren't software authors of jukeboxes required to pay? File conversion utilities would have been sued out of existence years ago. Freeware and shareware utilities exist that export Flash .swf files; what incentive would a developer have to create such freeware if they had to license the format? GIFconverter has to license the LZW compression algorithm, not the format itself. Compressed GIFs, TIFFs, and Acrobat PDFs all use that algorithm. Uncompressed GIFs, TIFFs and PDFs require NO license to create, and the plethora of Perl utilities in CPAN for exporting Acrobat files are testimony to this. I've read the Unisys licensing agreement, I know what I'm talking about. Not to attack you, but exactly what kind of law did you study?