It's an odd feeling, flying back east and seeing a wing-tipped oxford skipping over the clouds... Some modelers turn the IK on, and some don't... and even the best modelers aren't consistent about using it. It might have something to do with how far up the leg or arm the object goes as to whether it needs an IK chain at all for anything. Thigh-high boots probably have differest requirements from sneakers. I just got PhilC's CD on making clothing from scratch, but got sidetracked on some textures. (Otherwise, I might have a better answer for you.) There are lots of folks here who can help, because we've all faced the same problems at some point. Carolly