Well, I'm not so sure about any of this stuff, which is why I don't remove the normals from my mesh. If you look closely at the pic you will see the horse on the right is sort of strange, inside out, because I reversed the normals. So Poser doesn't use normals? I also ran this through UV Mapper and saved it with the normals button off - guess what, the file got bigger (probbaly as I save stuff in Max with 6 decimals, UV Mapper uses 8, I think), and it still works the same way. This is a preview pic, incidently, they do render O.K., Poser does render both sides, unlike Max. No, I don't understand any of this, I just do what works! ;-)