On http://www.fantasticarts.com/3dmodels/creature/neanderthalman.htm there is a Neanderthal figure in 3ds. You might be able to bone him up in ProPack or P5. The zip does not include any information about the author and on the download page there is no one mentioned either. I dunno how exact it is in the term of real Anthropology. He doesn't even have a penis (is it ok to write the name of the thing here??? ;-> )

Preview rendered in Poser 3.

I am sure many Universities do have a "stash of these meshes" but then I am also sure they are not allowed to offer them to the public - copyright and all that stuff, ya know...