Well, Eric said it 3 times, but he is correct. IK (inverse kinematics) simply refers to the a system of animation in which the chain of movement in a tree is backwards. So called 'Forward Kinematics' means that when you move a root object, all of its children are transformed also, but never the roots parent object. IK simply provides a method by which moving a child object (a hand) moves a parent object (an arm), instead of vice versa. Brian P. Retford Carrara Extensions www.losthorizonsoftware.com