heyas; okay, here's another thing i want to model and i have no clue how. i want to make ram horns -- not just smooth ones, but the ridged kind. no, more ridgy than bump-mapped. i saw some really cool ones at the daz m2 contest gallery, that were made in bryce by replicating a torus. i don't have bryce, and i couldn't use that anyhow, because i need to export the mesh, of course. now i've got rhino, and i can draw a spiral curly-horn path. and i could do a one rail deal with that, but that won't give me ridges. i could array a bunch of toruses (torii? whatever) on the curve, but i can't tell rhino to also shrink them as they get near the end. i've got lightwave, and i could do the replication thing... IF i knew how far to move/size/rotate the suckers. i'm sure there's some formula... but i'm an artist, not a mathemetitian! actually... wouldn't the formula depend on moving/sizing the torus as a percentage of its current size? i don't think lightwave does that, i think it does absolute measurement movements. so, anyway.... any ideas on this one?