The Hunter Penrose 'process camera' was first manufactured in 1893. They were used to make photographic plates from which letterpress or 'process engraved' printing plates were produced. The process involved a light sensitive emulsion being coated on to a copper or zinc plate. The glass negative produced by the camera would be exposed in contact with the printing plate and the image transferred. The metal plate was then chemically etched to produce a relief of the image, which could then be loaded into a forme with text (hot metal) and printed. In the early 1890's a process of halftone screening photographs with a dot structure was invented to allow the continuous tone pictures to be reproduced by letterpress printing. Before that, although photography had existed since 1842, it had not been possible to incorporate photographs into printed matter and all illustrations had to be laboriously hand engraved. The advent of 'process engraving' was therefore almost as impactful as the Apple Mac years later, in changing the face of the printing industry. Hunter Penrose built thousands of the these cameras and sold them all over the world. The last wooden bodied cameras were built in about 1962! Using its camera building technology, Hunter Penrose also, at times, built cameras for purposes other thanreprographics for printing. An interesting example is a camera recently found in amuseum at the famous Raffles Hotel in Singapore (shown right). The camera was used for taking portrait photographs of guests. Probably one of the biggest Penrose cameras we've seen recently is the one shown below installed in Australia. It would probably originally have been built for a cartographic application. The camera was built in 1920, and takes a 35" x 45" plate. Standard lens (not the one in the photo), is a 1800 mm f18 (depth of field can be measured with a micrometer). Today, cameras are hardly used in the reprographic process, except for special applications such as cartography and screen printing. The image capture process is now done by digital scanners. If you're trying to date a camera and yours says A W Penrose, then it is fairly old and certainly prior to 1927 when the company became Hunter Penrose. Valuations can vary between