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SUNDAY 2008/12/28

Fractal Science Fiction posted on Dec 28, 2008
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Description


En astronomie, une géante rouge est une étoile ayant évolué en dehors de la séquence principale, devenant ainsi géante. Ce sont des étoiles d'une masse au moins égale à celle du soleil qui, après avoir épuisé l'hydrogène de leurs noyaux, commencent à consommer l'hydrogène en couche autour du noyau riche en hélium. Deux phénomènes sont responsables de l'augmentation substantielle du rayon de l'étoile (qui peut atteindre un rayon 1000 fois supérieur à celui du soleil). Premièrement, la combustion en couche de l'hydrogène. Et deuxièmement, la contraction du cœur d'hélium, libérant une importante quantité d'énergie gravitationnelle. Ces deux sources d'énergie rayonnées vers l'extérieur induisent une pression interne qui fait augmenter le rayon de l'étoile. L'étoile est alors beaucoup plus lumineuse à cause de l'augmentation de sa surface et, contre-intuitivement, sa température en surface diminue. En résultat, l'étoile devient plus grande, plus « froide » et donc de couleur plus rouge ; d'où le nom géante rouge. Si l'étoile a une masse inférieure à 2,5 masses solaires (MS), l'apport d'hélium dans le noyau provenant de la fusion de l'hydrogène en couche peut provoquer ce qu'on appelle un flash de l'hélium : un sursaut rapide de la combustion de l'hélium dans le noyau quand les conditions de pression et de température sont suffisantes. La luminosité de l'étoile augmente rapidement. L'étoile commence alors une brève période de combustion d'hélium. Puis, elle commence une nouvelle montée de la branche des géantes. Les étoiles plus massives que 2,5 masses solaires entrent dans la phase de fusion de l'hélium de manière plus calme. La phase durant laquelle une étoile pauvre en métaux consomme de l'hélium s'appelle la branche horizontale, car dans le diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell ces étoiles se trouvent placées sur une ligne quasi horizontale. Les étoiles riches en métaux ne se situent pas sur la branche horizontale, mais plutôt dans un même endroit (le « clump » rouge) du diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell. Red giants are evolved from main sequence stars with masses in the range from about 0.5 solar masses to somewhere between 4 and 6 solar masses. When a star initially forms from a collapsing molecular cloud in the interstellar medium, it contains primarily hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of "metals" (elements with atomic number > 2, i. e. every element except hydrogen and helium). These elements are all equally mixed throughout the star. The star reaches the main sequence when the core reaches a temperature high enough to begin fusing hydrogen (a few million Kelvin) and establish hydrostatic equilibrium. Over its main sequence life, the star slowly converts the hydrogen in the core into helium; its main sequence life ends when nearly all the hydrogen in the core has been exhausted. For the Sun, the main sequence lifetime is approximately 10 billion years; the lifetime is shorter for more massive stars and longer for less massive stars. When the star exhausts the hydrogen fuel in its core, nuclear reactions in the core stop, so the core begins to contract due to its gravity. This heats a shell just outside the core, where hydrogen remains, initiating fusion of hydrogen to helium in the shell. The higher temperatures lead to increasing reaction rates, producing enough energy to increase the star's luminosity by a factor of 1,000–10,000. The outer layers of the star then expand greatly, beginning the red giant phase of the star's life. Due to the expansion of the outer layers of the star, the energy produced in the core of the star is spread over a much larger surface area, resulting in a lower surface temperature and a shift in the star's visible light output towards the red — hence red giant, even though the color usually is orange. At this time, the star is said to be ascending the red giant branch of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant

Comments (26)


)

saretta

4:21AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Fabulous image,magical light and colors,splendid Claude!!! :-)

)

carlx

4:59AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Vibrant and fantastic image!!! splendid lights and atmosphere, too!!!

)

3x3

5:05AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

lovely work Claude

)

A_Sunbeam

5:07AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Splendid splash of vibrant colours! Nice work.

)

mansco

5:17AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Vibrant light and feeling for this Sunday picture ;O) Thanks my friend!

)

BessieB

6:24AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Stunning work Claude, glorious colours used

)

lyron

6:30AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Awesome work!!

)

NekhbetSun

7:46AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Ohhhh my goodnes Claude ! this is spectacular ! love it love it !!! Happy New Year & Hugs Mina

)

algra

8:28AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Thanks for your lesson! Nice and cheerful fractal work.

)

Richardphotos

10:06AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

dynamic colors and wild shapes makes for easy viewing

)

Markske

10:18AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Splendid colourfull creation!

)

MrsRatbag

10:42AM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Like lace woven of light; another stunning creation!

)

farmerC

12:02PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Shining work.

)

fractalbeke

3:51PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Fort beau fractal symbolisant très bien le rayonnement des étoiles. Une petite recherche m'apprend que l'age de notre Soleil est d'environ 4,55 milliards d'années sur une durée de vie de 10 milliards d'années. Notre soleil se trouve dans le stade de : 'Etoile orange.'

)

amota99517

3:52PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

This is really cool Claude. I really like what you have done in this one. This is a wonderful execution of your thoughts.

)

bpclarke

4:29PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Such a beauty! I really like the flower in the middle of this. A shining work. Bunny

)

jocko500

4:53PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

wonderful image of color and very good writeing too

)

nosawayne

5:05PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Gorgeous!

)

three_grrr

6:41PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

I am so happy to see a Sun for Sunday! A beautiful red star, too. It has awesome flares shooting out from it, and a magificent aura!

)

MagikUnicorn

7:51PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

B E A U T Y ;-)

)

jccj56

8:12PM | Sun, 28 December 2008

Beautiful Image!! Fantastic Artwork!!

)

Carlahoon

1:34PM | Mon, 29 December 2008

Very good work. lichting en colors beautiful!!

)

LivingPixels

4:23PM | Mon, 29 December 2008

Fantastic and wonderful image I really love this one well done!!!

)

BloodFlowers

6:19PM | Mon, 29 December 2008

Je ne sais pas ce qui a de plus époustouflant, l'image ou l'explication .....les 2 je crois ....excellent Claude :-) Je t'embrasse M'sieur Mel

)

afugatt

6:49PM | Tue, 30 December 2008

Gorgeous design and colors!

)

amirapsp

1:49PM | Sat, 31 January 2009

Awesome indeed...Hugs


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