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Snowball Earth

Terragen Landscape posted on Dec 30, 2010
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Description


SNOWBALL EARTH Our image of the planet Earth is often one of a tender, protective matriarch. Recent scientific findings have led us to revise this notion. "Mother Earth," it seems, has not been such a fond protector, but quite the opposite. In fact, in its more than 4-billion-year history, our planet has been home to repeated violent climactic changes, which have caused mass extinctions. And yet, these same catastrophes also helped bring about the evolution of life on earth from the simplest microbes to the complexity and diversity that is found on the planet today. Featuring location footage, interviews with the world's foremost scientists and cutting-edge computer technology, Miracle Planet is a five-part series that recounts the profound and gripping story of Earth's mysterious evolution. Narrated by Christopher Plummer, it also reveals the surprising role that sheer chance has played in the development of life. Miracle Planet Episode 1 The Violent Past Part 1/4 HD Geological and palaeomagnetic studies indicate that ice sheets may have reached the Equator at the end of the Proterozoic eon, 800 to 550 million years ago, leading to the suggestion of a fully ice-covered 'snowball Earth'. Climate model simulations indicate that such a snowball state for the Earth depends on anomalously low atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, in addition to the Sun being 6 per cent fainter than it is today. However, the mechanisms producing such low carbon dioxide concentrations remain controversial. Here we assess the effect of the palaeogeographic changes preceding the Sturtian glacial period, 750 million years ago, on the long-term evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels using the coupled climate–geochemical model GEOCLIM. In our simulation, the continental break-up of Rodinia leads to an increase in runoff and hence consumption of carbon dioxide through continental weathering that decreases atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations by 1,320 p.p.m. This indicates that tectonic changes could have triggered a progressive transition from a 'greenhouse' to an 'icehouse' climate during the Neoproterozoic era. When we combine these results with the concomitant weathering effect of the voluminous basaltic traps erupted throughout the break-up of Rodinia11, our simulation results in a snowball glaciation. Thanks Magik

Comments (67)


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MagikUnicorn

10:51AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

TERRE BOULE DE NEIGE Il y a 635 millions d’annĂ©es, la Terre serait sortie brutalement d’une phase de glaciation gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e Ă  toute la planète ou presque. C’est la thĂ©orie de la Terre boule de neige. Selon des chercheurs de l’universitĂ© de Riverside, ce serait la rapide libĂ©ration de mĂ©thane par des clathrates qui aurait mis fin Ă  cette supposĂ©e pĂ©riode glaciaire extrĂªme. Incontestablement, il y a environ 750 millions d’annĂ©es, pendant la pĂ©riode dite du cryogĂ©nien, la Terre Ă©tait recouverte par une calotte glaciaire beaucoup plus importante qu’aujourd’hui comme l’attestent de multiples traces dans les sĂ©diments de cette Ă©poque. Les chercheurs restent divisĂ©s sur son Ă©tendue. La couverture glacière, qui atteignait au moins par endroits l’équateur, Ă©tait-elle complète, laissait-elle encore de larges zones libres ? Une autre question reste sans rĂ©ponse : comment la Terre s’est-elle sortie de cet Ă©tat de glaciation ? Le fort albĂ©do des couches de glace prĂ©sentes rendait impossible un dĂ©gel suffisant pour entraĂ®ner naturellement une dĂ©glaciation de la planète, mĂªme en cas d’augmentation de l’ensoleillement pour des raisons liĂ©es Ă  la mĂ©canique cĂ©leste. CO2 ou mĂ©thane ? Certains ont avancĂ© l’idĂ©e d’une brusque et importante activitĂ© volcanique injectant dans l’atmosphère de grandes quantitĂ©s de CO2. Un effet de serre s’en serait alors suivi, dĂ©bloquant le climat de la Terre qui s’était enfoncĂ© profondĂ©ment dans une ornière. Une autre hypothèse, peut-Ăªtre d’ailleurs complĂ©mentaire, est celle que des gĂ©ologues de l’universitĂ© de Riverside en Californie explorent dans un article de Nature. Selon eux, il y aurait eu il y a 635 millions d’annĂ©es une dĂ©stabilisation importante des gisements de mĂ©thane sous forme de clathrates, une sorte de glace d’eau dont le rĂ©seau cristallin piĂ©ge des molĂ©cules, en l’occurrence ici du mĂ©thane. PrĂ©sent actuellement dans le permafrost (ou pergĂ©lisol) des rĂ©gions arctiques et Ă  l’origine de suintements de mĂ©thane dans les ocĂ©ans, les clathrates devaient exister en quantitĂ©s bien plus considĂ©rables Ă  l’époque oĂ¹ la Terre ressemblait Ă  une boule de neige. Or, il est bien connu que le mĂ©thane est lui un puissant gaz Ă  effet de serre. L’hypothèse des chercheurs est que par un effet de dominos, une quantitĂ© importante de mĂ©thane s’est libĂ©rĂ©e, entraĂ®nant un dĂ©but de rĂ©chauffement, qui lui-mĂªme a amplifiĂ© le dĂ©gazage produisant Ă  son tour une nouvelle augmentation de tempĂ©rature. Martin Kennedy et ses collègues ont Ă©tudiĂ© des centaines d’échantillons de sĂ©diments provenant du sud de l’Australie. Ils y ont trouvĂ© vers -635 millions d’annĂ©es une brusque variation des isotopes stables de l’oxygène indiquant tout Ă  la fois la fonte d’une quantitĂ© importante de glace ainsi que, selon eux, la dĂ©stabilisation des clathrates. Ils ont en particulier trouvĂ© dans les sĂ©diments de cette Ă©poque des traces de suintements de mĂ©thane ainsi que des dĂ©pĂ´ts de dolomites, une variĂ©tĂ© de calcaire riche en magnĂ©sium, dont certains pensent que la formation peut Ăªtre due dans certains cas Ă  la prĂ©sence de mĂ©thane subissant une oxydation. L’image qui Ă©merge est donc bien celle d’un permafrost important Ă  des latitudes moyennes, brutalement dĂ©stabilisĂ© et libĂ©rant du mĂ©thane, prĂ©cĂ©dant un dĂ©gel massif et rapide, dĂ©montrĂ© par les variations isotopiques. Si la thĂ©orie est exacte, il serait important de dĂ©terminer les dĂ©tails de l’enclenchement du processus de dĂ©gazage et de son dĂ©roulement. Les gisements de clathrates sont moins importants aujourd’hui qu’à cette pĂ©riode reculĂ©e de l’histoire de la Terre mais l’activitĂ© humaine pourrait bien dĂ©stabiliser ces derniers, ce qui serait catastrophique car il en rĂ©sulterait un rĂ©chauffement climatique encore plus rapide et plus important que celui que nous subissons. Merci Magik

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flaviok

10:56AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Impressionante texto e magnifica obra meu amigo, aplausos (5)

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necrophage

11:00AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

fascinating landscape!

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Umbetro38

11:03AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

A great message and landscape render

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starfire777

11:29AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Excellent snowy terrain!!!

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VEDES

11:34AM | Thu, 30 December 2010

VERY NICE MOUNTAIN FULL OF SNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1HAPPY NEW YEAR MY FRIEND!!!

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Thelby

12:09PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

The Canadian Rockies!!! Nice work here buddy!! Happy New Year!!!

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angelafair

12:15PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

beautiful!

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kbrog

12:37PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Fantastic work on this! :)

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carlx

12:43PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Beautiful snow vista and atmosphere, my friend!!!

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flavia49

1:00PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

fantastic image! Happy 2011!!

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jendellas

1:06PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Makes you really think!!!

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Faemike55

1:15PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Very cool work, Magik

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jayfar

1:30PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

This is one of the most interesting things i've read about in a long time, thanks for that Magik and have yourself a happy new year. I like the pic too!

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willpee

1:33PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

The message is profound !!

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shadownet

2:09PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Great terragen scene! As we move around to the other side of the mountain, we find all the skiers. LOL

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bebopdlx

2:25PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Cool info and work.

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mgtcs

2:31PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Amazing terrain Magi k, thank you for the information!*****

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Kaartijer

3:22PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Cool image, great job!

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emmecielle

3:45PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Splendid work! :)

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drifterlee

3:47PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Beautiful mountain, Magik!!

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SSoffia

4:02PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

fantastic snowy terrain & great info :)

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Rhanagaz

4:09PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Great icy landscape! We are just now in these years beginning to understand our planets past and it has been a lot more violent and alterable than we previously thought. The so called "Snowball Earth", ice covered almost entirely the planet and lasted for millions of years - and compared - the last million years coming an going of ice ages look like rime. We should actually be very happy to live in a warmer period between two ice ages which is the "normal" in our time on Earth! Nice to get some science into Renderosity, too! Great work and narrative Magic! Happy New Year from Rhanagaz aka. Johnny C.

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claude19

4:10PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Très fascinantes information ! MAGNIFIQUE PAYSAGE !

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mariogiannecchini

4:46PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Excellent snowy terrain!!!

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Minda

5:06PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

very Beautiful terragen mu..

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eekdog

5:41PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

beautiful and very cold enviroment. well done my friend. happy new year / steve

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sandra46

6:04PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Splendid image! Happy New Year!!! Digilander

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npauling

6:12PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

A super scene with a very realistic look.

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soffy

6:29PM | Thu, 30 December 2010

Wonderful work,MU:) Happy New Year:)**


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