Boson de Higgs by MagikUnicorn
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Description
Boson de Higgs
Le boson de Higgs, également connu sous d'autres noms dont celui de boson BEH, est une particule élémentaire dont l'existence, postulée indépendamment par Robert Brout, François Englert, Peter Higgs, Carl Richard Hagen, Gerald Guralnik et Thomas Kibble, permet d'expliquer la brisure de l'interaction unifiée électrofaible en deux interactions par l'intermédiaire du mécanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs-Hagen-Guralnik-Kibble et d'expliquer ainsi pourquoi certaines particules ont une masse et d'autres n'en ont pas.
Le boson de Higgs, quantum du champ de Higgs, confère une masse non nulle aux bosons de jauge de l'interaction faible (bosons W et boson Z), leur conférant des propriétés différentes de celles du boson de l'interaction électromagnétique, le photon.
Cette particule élémentaire constitue l'une des clefs de voûte du modèle standard de la physique des particules. La connaissance de ses propriétés peut par ailleurs orienter la recherche au-delà du modèle standard et ouvrir la voie à la découverte d'une nouvelle physique, telle que la supersymétrie ou la matière noire.
Le 4 juillet 2012, le CERN annonce, lors d'une conférence, avoir identifié, avec un degré de confiance de 99,99997 % (5 σ), un nouveau boson dans un domaine de masse de l'ordre de 125-126 GeV·c-2, qui paraît compatible avec celui du boson de Higgs. Le CERN indique toutefois que des études complémentaires seront nécessaires pour déterminer si cette particule possède l'ensemble des caractéristiques prévues pour le boson de Higgs.
La recherche du boson scalaire (Higgs) est l'une des priorités du LHC, successeur du LEP au CERN, opérationnel depuis le 10 septembre 2008. L'état de la recherche en décembre 2011 ne permet alors pas de conclure en l'existence du boson de Higgs, mais il est soutenu lors d'un séminaire organisé alors au CERN que son énergie propre, s'il existe, doit probablement se situer dans la gamme 116-130 GeV selon les expérimentations ATLAS et 115-127 GeV d'après celles du CMS7.
Le LHC ou le Tevatron (collisionneur proton antiproton) pourraient découvrir un boson de Higgs qui satisfasse au modèle standard ou cinq bosons de Higgs (trois neutres et deux portant des charges électriques) selon la prédiction du modèle supersymétrique. Lors d'une annonce officielle très attendue, le CERN a, le 4 juillet 2012, confirmé aux médias l'existence, avec une probabilité suffisante de 5 σ de certitude (correspondants à 99,9999 %), d'une particule qui présente des caractéristiques conformes à celles que l'on attend du boson de Higgs.
D'autres propriétés doivent être mesurées, notamment le taux et les modes de désintégration de cette particule, pour une confirmation définitive, ce qui ne remet pas en cause le caractère très probable de cette découverte. Cette identification ne signifie donc pas encore que c'est forcément le boson de Higgs qui a été découvert ; il faudra encore sans doute quelques années de recherche pour l'établir.
Le 14 mars 2013, le CERN publie un communiqué de presse dans lequel il indique que le nouveau boson découvert « ressemble de plus en plus » à un boson de Higgs, même s'il n'est pas encore certain qu'il s'agisse du boson de Higgs du modèle standard.
Comments (35)
MagikUnicorn
The Higgs Boson The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is an elementary particle initially theorised in 1964, and tentatively confirmed to exist on 14 March 2013. The discovery has been called "monumental" because it appears to confirm the existence of the Higgs field, which is pivotal to the Standard Model and other theories within particle physics. In this discipline, it explains why some fundamental particles have mass when the symmetries controlling their interactions should require them to be massless, and—linked to this—why the weak force has a much shorter range than the electromagnetic force. Its existence and knowledge of its exact properties are expected to impact scientific knowledge across a range of fields, and should eventually allow physicists to determine whether the final unproven piece of the Standard Model or a competing theory is more likely to be correct, guide other theories and discoveries in particle physics, and—as with other fundamental discoveries of the past—potentially over time lead to developments in "new" physics, and new technologies. This unanswered question in fundamental physics is of such importance that it led to a search of over 40 years for the Higgs boson and finally the construction of one of the most expensive and complex experimental facilities to date, the Large Hadron Collider, able to create and study Higgs bosons and related questions. On 4 July 2012, a previously unknown particle with a mass between 125 and 127 GeV/c2 was announced as being detected, which physicists suspected at the time to be the Higgs boson. By March 2013, the particle had been proven to behave, interact and decay in many of the expected ways predicted by the Standard Model, and was also tentatively confirmed to have + parity and zero spin, two fundamental criteria of a Higgs boson, making it also the first known scalar particle to be discovered in nature, although a number of other properties were not fully proven and some partial results do not yet precisely match those expected; in some cases data is also still awaited or being analyzed. As of March 2013 it is still uncertain whether its properties (when eventually known) will exactly match the predictions of the Standard Model, or whether additional Higgs bosons exist as predicted by some theories. The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs, one of six physicists who, in 1964, proposed the mechanism that suggested the existence of such particle. Although Higgs' name has become ubiquitous in this theory, the resulting electroweak model (the final outcome) involved several researchers between about 1960 and 1972, who each independently developed different parts. In mainstream media the Higgs boson is often referred to as the "God particle," from a 1993 book on the topic; the sobriquet is strongly disliked by many physicists, who regard it as inappropriate sensationalism. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson with no spin, electric charge, or color charge. It is also very unstable, decaying into other particles almost immediately. It is a quantum excitation of one of the four components of the Higgs field, constituting a scalar field, with two neutral and two electrically charged components, and forms a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU symmetry. The field has a "Mexican hat" shaped potential with nonzero strength everywhere (including otherwise empty space) which in its vacuum state breaks the weak isospin symmetry of the electroweak interaction. When this happens, three components of the Higgs field are "absorbed" by the SU and U gauge bosons (the "Higgs mechanism") to become the longitudinal components of the now-massive W and Z bosons of the weak force. The remaining electrically neutral component separately couples to other particles known as fermions (via Yukawa couplings), causing these to acquire mass as well. Some versions of the theory predict more than one kind of Higgs fields and bosons. Alternative "Higgsless" models would have been considered if the Higgs boson were not discovered.
Brycer3d
Nice
munich68
Simply fantastic!!! O|O This could be the background for my Chain Dancer V, I currently work on! Also very interesting info, THX for it!
ronmolina
Interesting. What fractal program do you use?
jocko500
real good information and image
Richardphotos
I have been reading about it. outstanding flame
mgtcs
Amazing image my friend, excellent work, congratulations!
Faemike55
Very cool graphical representation
magnus073
Magik, l'image et l'information était fascinant. J'ai apprécié la lecture de l'(boson de Higgs) et c'était très instructif.
bebopdlx
A always, cool work and info.
peedy
Beautiful, MU! Corrie
jayfar
Great info and a great fractal Magik.
DennisReed
cool
Hubert
Cool result. Whereas it was easy to find... according to your image, simply follow those arrows! ;)
Cyve
Superbe image mon ami et les explication sue le BEH sont fantastique ... merci a toi !!!
vxbob
well done
ragouc
Good work
jendellas
Excellent!!
dwarvenkind
Lovely piece. Well done.
Flint_Hawk
Fascinating & great fractal!
1010
That is a cool fractal Magik.
artofsouls
Wonderful play on light cool image and a good read
rayag
As always- !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Allenox
Well done.
Savage_dragon
I feel like its going to snap back at me. Rubber band style! :}~
MarciaGomes
Magnífico trabalho meu amigo,bela criação,impressionante informação eu li mas não entendi para que serve isto, mas parece assustador.++++++++++++++5
sharky_
Nice work.... Aloha
flavia49
fabulous work
moochagoo
Ils auront mis longtemps à le détecter.
Nonsolum
I don't know if you get the info/knowledge before rendering or what, but both match enough as well.