The VAK 191B In the 60ies there was a NATO program to replace the Fiat G.91 with a VTOL. UK, Germany and Italy build up a development program. NATO requirements changed and the UK bailed out and followed up their own Kestrel program. Germany kept the program alive as test bed for the German/American "Advanced Vertical Strike" (AVS) fighter. After dropping this program it was used as a test bed for testing some concepts in the European MRCA (Tornado) project, for example the FBW system was tested on the VAK 191. Only three aircrafts were build. The first hovering flight was made in Bremen on 20 September 1971.The first transition from vertical flight to horizontal and vice versa was achieved on 26 October 1972 in Munich. The last flight was in 1975. An example of the VAK 191B can be seen at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim at Oberschleißheim near Munich. The second remaining VAK 191B is part of the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung (Military technical collection) at Koblenz, Germany. The VAK 191 was intended as a strike fighter with the ability to make a Mach 1+ dash and to deliver a nuclear weapon. There was an internal weapons bay for the nuclear bomb that could hold one small nuclear bomb or two 500 lb bombs.