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Feu Stellaire

Bryce Space posted on Nov 01, 2016
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Description


A solar flare is a sudden flash of brightness observed near the Sun's surface. It involves a very broad spectrum of emissions, requiring an energy release of typically 1 × 1020 joules of energy, but they can emit up to 1 × 1025 joules (the latter is roughly the equivalent of 1 billion megatons of TNT, or over 400 times more energy than released from the impact of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with Jupiter). Flares are often, but not always, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection. The flare ejects clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the sun into space. These clouds typically reach Earth a day or two after the event. The term is also used to refer to similar phenomena in other stars, where the term stellar flare applies. Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona), when the plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of Kelvin, while the cosmic-ray-like electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. They produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays, although most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not well established. Solar flares were first observed on the Sun by Richard Christopher Carrington and independently by Richard Hodgson in 1859 as localized visible brightenings of small areas within a sunspot group. Stellar flares can be inferred by looking at the lightcurves produced from the telescope or satellite data of variety of other stars. The frequency of occurrence of solar flares varies, from several per day when the Sun is particularly "active" to less than one every week when the Sun is "quiet", following the 11-year cycle (the solar cycle). Large flares are less frequent than smaller ones.

Comments (15)


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MagikUnicorn

9:07AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

Une éruption solaire ou tempête solaire est un événement primordial de l'activité du Soleil. La variation du nombre d'éruptions solaires permet de définir un cycle solaire d'une période moyenne de 11,2 ans.

Elle se produit périodiquement à la surface de la photosphère et projette au travers de la chromosphère des jets de matière ionisée qui se perdent dans la couronne à des centaines de milliers de kilomètres d'altitude. Elle est provoquée par une accumulation d'énergie magnétique dans des zones de champs magnétiques intenses, au niveau de l'équateur solaire, probablement à la suite d'un phénomène de reconnexion magnétique.

Les éruptions solaires suivent trois stades, chacun d'eux pouvant durer de quelques secondes à quelques heures selon l'intensité de l'éruption. Durant le stade précurseur, l'énergie commence à être libérée sous la forme de rayons X. Puis les électrons, protons et ions accélèrent jusqu'à approcher la vitesse de la lumière lors du stade impulsif. Le plasma se réchauffe rapidement, passant de quelque 10 millions à 100 millions de kelvins. Une éruption donne non seulement un flash de lumière visible et une projection relativement dirigée dans l'espace circum-stellaire de plasma, mais émet également des radiations dans le reste du spectre électromagnétique : des rayons gamma aux ondes radio, en passant bien sûr par les rayons X. Le stade final est le déclin, pendant lequel des rayons X mous sont à nouveau les seules émissions détectées. Du fait de ces émissions de plasma, certaines éruptions solaires qui atteignent la Terre peuvent perturber les transmissions radioélectriques terrestres (orage magnétique) et provoquent l'apparition des aurores polaires en entrant en interaction avec le champ magnétique terrestre et la haute atmosphère.

La première éruption solaire observée le fut par l'astronome britannique Richard Carrington, le 1er septembre 1859, lorsqu'il constata l'apparition d'une tache très lumineuse à la surface du Soleil (qui perdura 5 minutes).

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jendellas

9:48AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

When I saw the image, I hoped there would be info to. Great one.

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Glendaw

9:59AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

Amazing image and outstanding information.

Thanks for sharing Magik.

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QuietRiot

10:07AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

Fantastic presentation

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Jean_C

10:14AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

Une image impressionnante! Merci pour ces infos sur notre étoile! 1f387.png

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Leije

10:25AM | Tue, 01 November 2016

Superbe ! merci pour les infos

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DukeNukem2005

1:13PM | Tue, 01 November 2016

This is an excellent!

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Freethinker56

1:54AM | Wed, 02 November 2016

WOW! and thanks for the info 👏

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BryceHoro

4:09AM | Wed, 02 November 2016

Great depiction of the ejected material.

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VEDES

12:53PM | Wed, 02 November 2016

Nice work!!!!!

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RodS

7:44PM | Wed, 02 November 2016

An excellent image, and fascinating information. Well done, Real!

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sandra46

10:46AM | Thu, 03 November 2016

SUPERLATIVE WORK!

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Faemike55

11:09PM | Sat, 05 November 2016

Great image and narrative! learning never stops!

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flavia49

12:39PM | Sun, 06 November 2016

excellent

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ia-du-lin

4:47AM | Sat, 12 November 2016

interesting work


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