The endangered Buff-throated Purpletuft is found Brazil in humid forests, secondary woodlands and cacao plantations. It loves Mistletoe berries. There are about 250-2,500 mature individuals with a decreasing population trend. It is considered rare and local, and range highly fragmented. It has been recorded from only a few sites; only in recent years found to be surviving in some areas in south-eastern Brazil, and small population discovered in northeastern Brazil. The existence of the northern race leucopygia was for long been obscured by mislabeling of the two specimens on which it was based as having originated from Guyana. The global population estimate was revised downwards in 2014, and now thought to number 250–2500 mature individuals with fewer than 250 in each subpopulation. The future survival of both races threatened by extensive destruction of lowland Atlantic Forest; the fact that it occurs in mainly lowland coastal forest renders it even more at risk than was previously thought, as this habitat is being cleared at a rapid rate. It may undertake altitudinal migration or local movements, which require further investigation in order to better plan conservation measures. It occurs in Serra dos Órgãos National Park and Desengano and Serra do Mar State Parks and Ubatuba Experimental Station (São Paulo). Ongoing deforestation in extreme northeastern of its range. The protection of forest at Murici (Alagoas) would greatly benefit this and other globally threatened species. It has been assigned a variety of threat categories; previously considered ‘Near Threatened’. Since 2016, it has been assessed as globally ‘Endangered’ once again, a status maintained at the national level in Brazil. The two birds flying in the background are Kinglet Calypturas. They are endemic to a very restricted range to the north of Rio de Janeiro city in Brazil. They are considered Critically Endangered-possibly Extinct with less than 50 thought to exist. Its tiny population, known from just one locality in the 1990s (following over 100 years without a confirmed record), is likely to be continuing to decline owing to extensive habitat loss and fragmentation within its tiny range. Deforestation appears to have brought this species to the brink of extinction - historically driven by gold and diamond mining and the creation of coffee plantations in areas where the species was initially collected. If it is an altitudinal migrant, the lack of remaining forest below 1,000 m is likely to be a particular threat. Development within forest around the edges of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, particularly at the site of the 1996 rediscovery, is concerning. The harvesting of bromeliads, mistletoes and orchids from the forest of the region may further threaten the species by reducing food supply, but also by altering habitat structure and microclimate. Climate change could also have an impact on the species, particularly through habitat shifting. Although there have been several rumors and unverified reports, the species was unrecorded during the 20th century until two birds were observed in the Serra dos Órgãos on several days in October 1996. There have been no reliable records of the species since 1996, despite searches in the Reserva Ecologica Guapiaçu, the Teresopolis area, the foothills of the Serra do Mar, Ubatuba and between Nova Friburgo and Soumidoura in September to November 2006, which investigated several unconfirmed reports (F. Olmos in 2003; Lambert in 2007, Lambert and Kirwan in 2010). A specimen of this species, purported to have been collected somewhere in the state of São Paulo between May 1819 and April 1820, was discovered in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, in 2007 and could potentially extend the area over which the species is known to have at least formerly occurred; however, its true provenance has not been satisfactorily established.