Some of the preset atmospheres render the sky totally black. I tried changing the amount of light, but it doesn't help. The quick render is correct.

when you are rendering, does it say "prepass in progress" or "render in progress", during the prepass the sky will render black, did you let any of the renders finish? if not, try that.

Vue rarely every renders blackness.  Maybe a very dark gray, but never black.  There is always too much light in a scene, even for outer space.  If renders finish very dark still, see if the camera is under the ground level.