Lumière Spectrale by MagikUnicorn

Bryce • Abstract • posted on Apr 13, 2017

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Description

Le spectre visible ou spectre optique est la partie du spectre électromagnétique visible pour l'humain, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des composantes monochromatiques de la lumière visible. On ne peut pas définir de façon absolue les limites en longueur d'onde des rayonnements perceptibles ; la sensibilité de l'œil diminue progressivement, et varie selon les individus. La Commission internationale de l'éclairage définit la vision de l’observateur de référence entre une longueur d'onde dans le vide de 380 nanomètres (nm), perçue comme un violet, et celle de 780 nm, correspondant à un rouge. Le spectre visible occupe la majeure partie de la fenêtre optique, une gamme des longueurs d'onde qui sont facilement transmises par l'atmosphère terrestre. Cette région du spectre électromagnétique recoupe celle où l'éclairement énergétique solaire est maximal à la surface de la Terre. Des longueurs d'ondes plus courtes que 380 nm endommageraient la structure des molécules organiques, tandis que l'eau, constituant abondant du vivant, absorbe celles plus longues que 720 nm. ________________________________ The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations such as magenta, are absent, for example, because they can be made only by a mix of multiple wavelengths. Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors or spectral colors. Visible wavelengths pass through the "optical window", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows wavelengths to pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere. An example of this phenomenon is that clean air scatters blue light more than red wavelengths, and so the midday sky appears blue. The optical window is also referred to as the "visible window" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) window, and the Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (LWIR or FIR) window, although other animals may experience them.